diff --git a/laygo/transformers/strategies/process.py b/laygo/transformers/strategies/process.py
index 10c3e0d..ed50e5e 100644
--- a/laygo/transformers/strategies/process.py
+++ b/laygo/transformers/strategies/process.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from collections import deque
 from collections.abc import Iterator
-from concurrent.futures import FIRST_COMPLETED
 from concurrent.futures import wait
 import itertools
 
+from loky import as_completed
 from loky import get_reusable_executor
 
 from laygo.context.types import IContextHandle
@@ -55,21 +55,40 @@ def _ordered_generator(
     executor,
     context_handle: IContextHandle,
   ) -> Iterator[list[Out]]:
-    """Generate results in their original order."""
+    """Generate results in their original order, with robust error handling."""
     futures = deque()
+    chunks_iter = iter(chunks_iter)
+
+    # Submit the initial batch of tasks
     for _ in range(self.max_workers + 1):
       try:
         chunk = next(chunks_iter)
         futures.append(executor.submit(_worker_process_chunk, transformer, context_handle, chunk))
       except StopIteration:
         break
-    while futures:
-      yield futures.popleft().result()
-      try:
-        chunk = next(chunks_iter)
-        futures.append(executor.submit(_worker_process_chunk, transformer, context_handle, chunk))
-      except StopIteration:
-        continue
+
+    try:
+      while futures:
+        # Get the result of the oldest task. If it failed or the pool
+        # is broken, .result() will raise an exception.
+        result = futures.popleft().result()
+
+        # If successful, submit a new task.
+        try:
+          chunk = next(chunks_iter)
+          futures.append(executor.submit(_worker_process_chunk, transformer, context_handle, chunk))
+        except StopIteration:
+          # No more chunks to process.
+          pass
+
+        yield result
+    finally:
+      # This cleanup runs if the loop finishes or if an exception occurs.
+      # It prevents orphaned processes by cancelling pending tasks.
+      for future in futures:
+        future.cancel()
+      if futures:
+        wait(list(futures))
 
   def _unordered_generator(
     self,
@@ -78,17 +97,35 @@ def _unordered_generator(
     executor,
     context_handle: IContextHandle,
   ) -> Iterator[list[Out]]:
-    """Generate results as they complete."""
+    """Generate results as they complete, with robust error handling."""
     futures = {
       executor.submit(_worker_process_chunk, transformer, context_handle, chunk)
       for chunk in itertools.islice(chunks_iter, self.max_workers + 1)
     }
-    while futures:
-      done, futures = wait(futures, return_when=FIRST_COMPLETED)
-      for future in done:
-        yield future.result()
+
+    try:
+      # as_completed is ideal for this "process as they finish" pattern
+      for future in as_completed(futures):
+        # Get the result. This raises an exception if the task failed,
+        # which immediately stops the loop and proceeds to finally.
+        result = future.result()
+
+        # Remove the completed future from our tracking set
+        futures.remove(future)
+
+        # Try to submit a new task to replace the one that just finished
         try:
           chunk = next(chunks_iter)
           futures.add(executor.submit(_worker_process_chunk, transformer, context_handle, chunk))
         except StopIteration:
-          continue
+          # No more chunks left to submit.
+          pass
+
+        yield result
+    finally:
+      # Clean up any futures that were still running or pending when
+      # an exception occurred or the input was exhausted.
+      for future in futures:
+        future.cancel()
+      if futures:
+        wait(futures)
diff --git a/laygo/transformers/strategies/threaded.py b/laygo/transformers/strategies/threaded.py
index 2ed8c54..5e8444f 100644
--- a/laygo/transformers/strategies/threaded.py
+++ b/laygo/transformers/strategies/threaded.py
@@ -74,52 +74,104 @@ def process_chunk(chunk: list[In]) -> list[Out]:
 
       Args:
           chunk: The data chunk to process.
-          shared_context: The shared context for processing.
 
       Returns:
           The processed chunk.
       """
-      return transformer(chunk, shared_context)  # type: ignore
+      return transformer(chunk, shared_context)
 
     def _ordered_generator(chunks_iter: Iterator[list[In]], executor: ThreadPoolExecutor) -> Iterator[list[Out]]:
       """Generate results in their original order."""
       futures: deque[Future[list[Out]]] = deque()
+      executor_shutdown = False
 
       # Pre-submit initial batch of futures
-      for _ in range(min(self.max_workers, 10)):  # Limit initial submissions
+      for _ in range(min(self.max_workers, 10)):
+        if executor_shutdown:
+          break
         try:
           chunk = next(chunks_iter)
           futures.append(executor.submit(process_chunk, chunk))
         except StopIteration:
           break
+        except RuntimeError as e:
+          if "cannot schedule new futures after shutdown" in str(e):
+            executor_shutdown = True
+            break
+          raise
 
       while futures:
-        # Get the next result and submit the next chunk
-        result = futures.popleft().result()
-        yield result
-
         try:
-          chunk = next(chunks_iter)
-          futures.append(executor.submit(process_chunk, chunk))
-        except StopIteration:
-          continue
+          # Get the next result
+          result = futures.popleft().result()
+          yield result
+
+          # Try to submit the next chunk only if executor is not shutdown
+          if not executor_shutdown:
+            try:
+              chunk = next(chunks_iter)
+              futures.append(executor.submit(process_chunk, chunk))
+            except StopIteration:
+              continue
+            except RuntimeError as e:
+              if "cannot schedule new futures after shutdown" in str(e):
+                executor_shutdown = True
+                continue
+              raise
+        except Exception:
+          # Cancel remaining futures and re-raise
+          for future in futures:
+            try:
+              future.cancel()
+            except Exception:
+              pass  # Ignore cancellation errors
+          futures.clear()
+          raise
 
     def _unordered_generator(chunks_iter: Iterator[list[In]], executor: ThreadPoolExecutor) -> Iterator[list[Out]]:
       """Generate results as they complete."""
+      futures = set()
+      executor_shutdown = False
+
       # Pre-submit initial batch
-      futures = {
-        executor.submit(process_chunk, chunk) for chunk in itertools.islice(chunks_iter, min(self.max_workers, 10))
-      }
+      for chunk in itertools.islice(chunks_iter, min(self.max_workers, 10)):
+        if executor_shutdown:
+          break
+        try:
+          futures.add(executor.submit(process_chunk, chunk))
+        except RuntimeError as e:
+          if "cannot schedule new futures after shutdown" in str(e):
+            executor_shutdown = True
+            break
+          raise
 
       while futures:
-        done, futures = wait(futures, return_when=FIRST_COMPLETED)
-        for future in done:
-          yield future.result()
-          try:
-            chunk = next(chunks_iter)
-            futures.add(executor.submit(process_chunk, chunk))
-          except StopIteration:
-            continue
+        try:
+          done, futures = wait(futures, return_when=FIRST_COMPLETED)
+          for future in done:
+            yield future.result()
+
+            # Try to submit next chunk only if executor is not shutdown
+            if not executor_shutdown:
+              try:
+                chunk = next(chunks_iter)
+                futures.add(executor.submit(process_chunk, chunk))
+              except StopIteration:
+                continue
+              except RuntimeError as e:
+                if "cannot schedule new futures after shutdown" in str(e):
+                  executor_shutdown = True
+                  continue
+                raise
+        except Exception:
+          # Cancel remaining futures and re-raise
+          for future in futures:
+            try:
+              future.cancel()
+            except Exception:
+              pass  # Ignore cancellation errors
+          futures.clear()
+          raise
 
     # Use the reusable thread pool instead of creating a new one
     executor = self._get_thread_pool(self.max_workers)
@@ -129,10 +181,3 @@ def _unordered_generator(chunks_iter: Iterator[list[In]], executor: ThreadPoolEx
     # Process chunks using the reusable executor
     for result_chunk in gen_func(chunks_to_process, executor):
       yield from result_chunk
-
-  def __del__(self) -> None:
-    """Shutdown all cached thread pools. Call this during application cleanup."""
-    with self._pool_lock:
-      for pool in self._thread_pools.values():
-        pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-      self._thread_pools.clear()
diff --git a/laygo/transformers/transformer.py b/laygo/transformers/transformer.py
index 4a3084e..90cafbd 100644
--- a/laygo/transformers/transformer.py
+++ b/laygo/transformers/transformer.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 from laygo.errors import ErrorHandler
 from laygo.helpers import is_context_aware
 from laygo.helpers import is_context_aware_reduce
+from laygo.transformers.strategies.process import ProcessStrategy
 from laygo.transformers.strategies.sequential import SequentialStrategy
 from laygo.transformers.strategies.threaded import ThreadedStrategy
 from laygo.transformers.strategies.types import ExecutionStrategy
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ def create_process_transformer[T](
   """
   return Transformer[T, T](
     chunk_size=chunk_size,
-    strategy=ThreadedStrategy(
+    strategy=ProcessStrategy(
       max_workers=max_workers,
       ordered=ordered,
     ),